甲殼素纖維簡(jiǎn)介
甲殼素纖維
淄博普而迪紡織科技有限公司&淄博天然生態(tài)紡織印染有限公司
甲殼素是白色或灰白色無(wú)定形、半透明固體、分子量因原料不同而有數(shù)十萬(wàn)至數(shù)百萬(wàn)，不溶于水、稀酸、稀堿、濃堿、一般有機(jī)溶劑，可溶于濃的鹽酸、硫酸、磷酸和無(wú)水甲酸，但同時(shí)主鏈發(fā)生降解。
甲殼素和它的衍生物殼聚糖，具有一定的流延性及成絲性，都是很好的成纖材料，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)募徑z條件，通過(guò)常規(guī)的濕紡工藝可制的具有較高強(qiáng)度和伸長(zhǎng)率的甲殼素纖維。在殼聚糖大分子結(jié)構(gòu)中由于含有大量的氨基，其溶解性能和生物活性高。甲殼素纖維具有以下特性。
（1）優(yōu)異的生物醫(yī)學(xué)功能
甲殼素的大分子結(jié)構(gòu)與人體內(nèi)的氨基葡萄糖的構(gòu)成相同，而且具有類似于人體骨膠原組織結(jié)構(gòu)，這種雙重結(jié)構(gòu)賦予了它們極好的生物醫(yī)學(xué)特性：即它對(duì)人體無(wú)毒無(wú)刺激，可被人體內(nèi)的溶菌酶分解而吸收，與人體組織有良好的生物相容性，它具有抗菌、消炎、止血、鎮(zhèn)痛、促進(jìn)傷口愈合等功能。
（2）可生物降解
由于制造甲殼素纖維的原料一般采用蝦、蟹類水產(chǎn)品的廢棄物，一方面這可減少這類廢棄物對(duì)環(huán)境的污染，另一方面甲殼素纖維的廢棄物又可生物降解，不會(huì)污染周邊環(huán)境，所以甲殼素纖維又被稱為綠色纖維。
（3）優(yōu)良的吸濕保溫功能
由于甲殼素纖維在其大分子鏈上存在大量的羥基（—OH）和氨基（—NH2）等親水性基團(tuán)，故纖維有很好的親水性和很高的吸濕性。甲殼素纖維的平衡回潮率一般在12%~16%之間，在不同的成形條件下，其保水值均在130%左右。甲殼素纖維嬰兒服利用這一特性，能為寶寶提供舒適、清爽、健康的衣服，讓寶寶遠(yuǎn)離紅屁股。
（4）較好的可紡性
目前國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)的甲殼素、殼聚糖纖維具有較好的可紡性。但與棉纖維相比，甲殼素纖維線密度偏大，強(qiáng)度偏低，在一定程度上影響了甲殼素纖維的成紗強(qiáng)度。在一般條件下用甲殼素纖維進(jìn)行純紡還有一定困難，通常采用甲殼素纖維與棉纖維或其他纖維混紡來(lái)改善其可紡性。
甲殼素與殼聚糖纖維可紡成長(zhǎng)絲或短纖維兩大類。長(zhǎng)絲用于捻制醫(yī)用縫合線，免除病人拆線痛苦，或切成一定長(zhǎng)度的短纖維，紡成紗線，用做紡織材料；
甲殼素纖維和殼聚糖纖維的保健功能主要有以下幾方面：
（1） 抗菌除臭功能。
（2） 對(duì)皮膚的護(hù)理功能。
（3） 對(duì)過(guò)敏性皮膚的輔助治療功能。
（4） 對(duì)環(huán)境的保護(hù)功能。
（5） 抗靜電功能。
（1）抗菌抗感染
（2）降脂和防治動(dòng)脈硬化
（3）抗病毒
（4）抗腫瘤
（5）抗凝血
（6）其他 脫乙酰甲殼素具有良好的抗輻射性能。
Chitin fibre
Zibo pueridi textile technology co. LTD & zibo protein fiber textile printing and dyeing co. LTD
Chitin is white or off-white amorphous, translucent solid, molecular weight depending on the raw materials are hundreds of thousands to millions, insoluble in water, dilute acid, dilute base, concentrated base, general organic solvents, soluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and anhydrous formic acid, but at the same time the main chain degradation.
Chitin and its derivatives chitosan, with a certain degree of flow ductility and filaments, are very good fiber-forming materials. Chitin fibers with high strength and elongation can be prepared through conventional wet spinning process under appropriate spinning conditions.Chitosan has high solubility and biological activity because it contains a large number of amino groups in its macromolecular structure.Chitin fiber has the following characteristics.
(1) excellent biomedical functions
Chitin of macromolecular structure and the composition of glucosamine in the human body is the same, and are similar to human collagen tissue structure, this kind of dual structure give them excellent biomedical properties: namely avirulent without irritation to human body, it can be the body of lysozyme decomposition and absorption, has good biocompatibility with human tissue, it has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, hemostasis, analgesia, promoting wound healing, and other functions.
(2) biodegradable
Chitin fibers are also called green fibers because the raw materials used to make chitin fibers are generally wastes from shrimp and crab aquatic products. On the one hand, this can reduce the environmental pollution caused by such wastes. On the other hand, the waste of chitin fibers is biodegradable and will not pollute the surrounding environment.
(3) excellent moisture absorption and heat preservation function
Chitin fibers have good hydrophilicity and high hygroscopicity because of the presence of a large number of hydrophilic groups such as hydroxyl (-- OH) and amino (-- NH2) on their macromolecular chains.The equilibrium moisture recovery rate of chitin fibers is generally between 12% and 16%, and the water retention value is about 130% under different forming conditions.Chitin fiber baby clothes take advantage of this feature to provide comfortable, refreshing and healthy clothes for your baby and keep your baby away from the red butt.
(4) better spinnability
Chitin and chitosan fibers produced in China have good spinnability.However, compared with cotton fibers, chitin fibers have higher linear density and lower strength, which affects the yarn strength of chitin fibers to some extent.It is difficult to use chitin fiber for pure spinning in general conditions. Chitin fiber is usually blended with cotton fiber or other fibers to improve its spinnability.
Chitin and chitosan fibers can be spun into filament or staple fibers.Filament is used for twisting medical sutures, to relieve the pain of unstitching, or cut into short fibers of a certain length, spun into yarn, used as textile materials;
The health care functions of chitin fiber and chitosan fiber mainly include the following aspects:
(1) antibacterial and deodorant function.
(2) skin care function.
(3) adjuvant therapy for allergic skin.
(4) environmental protection.
(5) antistatic function.
(1) anti-bacterial and anti-infection
(2) lipid lowering and prevention of atherosclerosis
(3) antiviral
(4) anti-tumor
(5) anticoagulation
(6) other deacetylated chitin has good radiation resistance.
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